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This is an account of the expedition of royal and private ships
which left Plymouth in 1595 under the command of Drake and Hawkins
with the aim of capturing the city of Panama. The expedition ended
in total failure, both leaders died and attempts to capture Grand
Canary, Puerto Rico and Panama were all repulsed. For each of the
main episodes, Dr Andrews presents documents chosen to illustrate a
wide variety of aspects and view, points. Most of the material,
whether from Spanish or English sources, casts light on the events
and their background. Information on the equipment, financing and
personnel of the expedition will be of particular interest to naval
historians while the Spanish evidence elucidates the condition and
con, duct of Spain's imperial defences. There is also a short essay
by D. W. Waters on the art of navigation in the age of Drake.
Documents, some summarized entirely or in part, relating to
twenty-five voyages, drawn mainly from the records of the High
Court of Admiralty, with selections from narratives printed by
Hakluyt and from a quantity of translations by I.A. Wright of
originals (1593-5) in the Archivo General de Indias in Seville
intended for a further volume on English West Indies Voyages (see
Second Series 66, 71 and 99). The Introduction gives an account of
the Court itself and of privateering during the Spanish war and in
the West Indies. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of
the volume first published in 1959.
Privateering was a form of legal private warfare at sea in which
individuals who possessed suitable ships took the opportunity
offered by a war to plunder enemy commerce. In this study of
privateering during the Elizabethan war with Spain, which was
originally published in 1966, Dr Andrews shows that it was closely
connected with trade, in particular having a stimulating effect on
oceanic commerce and that it was at the time the main form of
English maritime warfare. Dr Andrews begins with an account of how
privateering became legal and how it was organised. He then
examines the various types of venture, describing the sort of
people who took part and showing how profitable it was for some,
particularly the bigger merchants and the professional seamen. Two
contemporary narratives are included. Finally, Dr Andrews studies
the role privateering played in overseas expansion.
This is an account of the expedition of royal and private ships
which left Plymouth in 1595 under the command of Drake and Hawkins
with the aim of capturing the city of Panama. The expedition ended
in total failure, both leaders died and attempts to capture Grand
Canary, Puerto Rico and Panama were all repulsed. For each of the
main episodes, Dr Andrews presents documents chosen to illustrate a
wide variety of aspects and view, points. Most of the material,
whether from Spanish or English sources, casts light on the events
and their background. Information on the equipment, financing and
personnel of the expedition will be of particular interest to naval
historians while the Spanish evidence elucidates the condition and
con, duct of Spain's imperial defences. There is also a short essay
by D. W. Waters on the art of navigation in the age of Drake.
Not since 1945 has a general account of the origins of the British
Empire been published, as if the demise of the empire had freed us
from our imperial past and historians from any obligation to digest
it. Of course it has done nothing of the kind, but it does enable
the historian today to approach that past in a more critical spirit
and to attempt a deeper and more detached analysis than could have
been expected a generation ago. The purpose of this work is
therefore not merely to recount but to explain the course of
English overseas empire: a prolonged pregnancy, culminating in a
difficult birth and sickly infancy.
The long introductory essay discusses the forces and motives
involved in the expansion movement, which is seen as being part of
a wider European movement and derivative in many ways from it. The
author considers the attitude and conduct of the Tudors and early
Stuarts towards this fundamentally commercial movement and examines
the nature and importance of English sea power, the contribution of
different social groups, and the relevance of religious and
economic ideals as well as nationalistic sentiment. These various
themes are taken up again in the narrative chapters which follow,
dealing with the enterprises of exploration, trade, plunder and
colonization successively through from the early Bristol quest for
'Brasil' to the diverse ventures of the 1620s. The last chapter
comments on the interaction of trade, plunder and settlement and
the wave-like chronological pattern of the English advance to
oceanic empire.
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